According to Social Constructionist Theory, The Reality of everyday life, is the result of objectivations of subjective processes that are maintained by Linguistic significations and are reflected by Discourses. Therefore, the social realities are the product of Language and in other words, are constructed by Discourses. Crime also like other social realities is constructed similarly. So, change in Discourses, leads change in constructed Phenomenon including crimes and criminal laws. In this article, by adopting such an approach to Criminal legislative process and by using content analysis and discourse analysis method, the law of “ Publication and free access to information” , has been studied. Results of research show the capability of Constructive Analysis of this law, That is the dependence of the freedom of information to discourse defined that. Because change in interests of Actors, changes the law.

The right of access to information is one of the most important principles, and plays the undeniable role regarding the participation of citizens in democratic societies. This right also plays an important role in protecting the rights and interests of individuals, preventing the administrative corruption and also increasing the administrative transparency. It should be noted that today, this issue has been accepted despite differences in Iranian and French legal systems. In each of these two countries, an institution has been created to control the observance of this right, which in Iran is the Commission for publishing and free access to information, and in France is the Commission for access to administrative documents. In this paper, it is attempted to examine the structure and tasks of theses commissions and to highlight their bugs, while expressing the way of constitution the commissions for access to administrative documents in Iranian and French administrative laws.

“, Royal Translation Bureau”,is one of Active departments of “, Publication Administration”,which was founded by Naser al-Din Shah’, s order and Muhammad Hassan Khan Etemad-al-Saltaneh’, s endeavors in 1880. The Bureau traditionally was a large organization that, through the use of competent translators, in addition to translating foreign works and developing foreign language, promoted the Publication of European works in the Naserian era. Formation of “, Royal Translation Bureau”,and its relationship to the “, Publication Administration”,of the Naserian era and its effect on translating and publishing Western works are issues that has not been addressed before. Therefore, this study, conducted in the context of historical study and review of sources such as newspapers and books of the Naserian era, reveals that the Bureau, during the tenure of Etemad-al-Saltaneh, brought about a major change in translating, printing and publishing works in various languages through organizing and guiding translators as well as utilizing potential of the “, Publication Administration”, , and distinguished the Naserian era in terms of the number of translated works from previous periods. Keywords: Etemad-al-Saltaneh, Naser al-Din Shah, Publication Administration, Royal Translation Bureau.

2The rise of virtual media has significantly impActed how people communicate in recent years. However, the spread of misleading and suspicious information on social networks poses serious challenges to society. For this reason, detecting false information on these platforms is of great importance. Social networks allow for the rapid production and dissemination of large volumes of diverse content, making it difficult to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information shared. This task requires collaboration between humans and computers, as it cannot be achieved solely through automated systems. At the same time, the right to free access to information is recognized as a fundamental human right in both national and international legal frameworks. Every citizen is entitled to accurate domestic and global news and developments, using the press and other media to express and exchange ideas. This article provides a thorough examination of the methods used to detect online misinformation, commonly referred to as "fake news." Many of these methods focus on analyzing the charActeristics of users, the content, and the platforms where the news is published. By exploring these approaches, the research aims to offer recommendations on how to ensure citizens have proper access to accurate information, in line with their right to free access to information.

This article aimed to review the present crisis and problems in academic and special libraries vedarding the scholarly journals due to the increase in the subscription fees of such journals. It also investigated the history of the Publication of free scientific journals called "Open access (OA) Journals and discussem 4 current patterns of meeting the funds needed for their Publication. The aim of OA journals which are generally published electronically is to provide free access to scientific articles for all users. In the traditional model the Publication cost of a journal was provided through subscription fee while OA journals try to meal the costs through ways other than subscription fees. What follow are some ways such journals use to meet the budget needed for their Publication: requesting authors to pay for Publication of their articles (author-pays model), advertisement and organizational supports. Although there are some doubts about the success of this model in long term, the increasing number of such journals is an indication of the fAct that OA journals and traditional journals may be able to exist side by side and move into the future.

The purpose of this study is to investigate culture as an empowering and limiting fActor in public access to information in Iran,this is an issue that the international community is concerned about, with regard to citizen participation and governments’,accountability in the political, social, economic, and other areas. freedom of information and free access to it, is perceived in many countries as a political and civil right, and one of its immediate outcomes is the formation of participatory and consultative democracy, as free access to information allows citizens to intervene in public affairs and this requires the government to be accountable. In addition, the empowerment of citizens, especially marginalized groups, or in other words, silent groups such as the poor, the illiterate, and even in some cases women, who due to inequalities that arising from power relations between social groups, have unequal access, is another reason that highlights the need for free access to information. The experience of different countries shows that with freedom of information, a context has been provided for the mentioned groups to improve the level of health, education, hygiene, income, and even protection of human rights. In this study, in addition to reviewing the theoretical literature and research background in this field, by addressing the need for public access to information, we have provided an overview of the current situation in Iran. Therefore, our question in this article is which cultural fActors and barriers affect citizens' access to the information?

freedom of access to information is generally recognized under the title of freedom of expression as one of the basic human rights in many global and regional human rights documents. Despite this, respect for the principle of national sovereignty of states requires that restrictions be set on the way of this freedom in the legal frameworks such as maintaining order and public morality. The Islamic Republic of Iran faces two basic obstacles in terms of freedom of access to information; On the one hand, under the pretext of imposing restrictions on objectionable media contents (either immoral or subversive) and violation of freedom of expression, it is attacked by human rights institutions, and on the other hand, its overseas networks such as Press TV with accusations such as "Publication of baseless evidence" are banned or limited. Now the question is, what is the concept and interpretation of "public order and ethics" in international law and how can the Islamic Republic of Iran, while answering and defending itself legally in international forums, demand the free Publication of its media information? The present research has tried to answer the above questions through the analytical-descriptive method and citing library documents. The results of the investigations show that the concept of order and public morality should be interpreted in the framework of the relativistic approach and in accordance with the customary culture of the countries in order to avoid contradictory standards and procedures in the international law system.

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the Publication status of Iranian scientific journals with regard to scope, organizational affiliation, scientific level, Publication language, electronic Publication, and full-text access, either free or paid.Methodology: The evaluative research method has been used in this study. A checklist was employed for collection of data related to scope, organizational affiliation, and scientific level. The samples included journals with scientific-research and scientific-promotional status approved by the National Scientific Journals Supervision Commission (Ministry of Science, Research and Technology) and the National Medical Science Journals Commission (Ministry of Health and Medical Education). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Findings: As the results show, more than 530 scientific journals are published in Iran, most of which are affiliated with state-run universities and research institutes. Regarding the access status, only about 40% of the journals allow free access to full-text articles via their websites; medical journal had better status in this regard.Originality/Value: Publication of scientific journals is one of the most significant indexes of scientific development. Therefore, quality and quantity of the journals published in a country can be used as an index for assessing the level of scientific Activities in a country or a certain community. The present study is the first of its type to investigate the Publication status of Iranian scientific journals as well as their electronic Publication status and free access to their articles.

This paper aims to introduce the quantitative method named Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS). With this method one can determine the historical roots of research fields and quantify their impAct on current research. Using a quantitative method named reference Publication year spectroscopy (RPYS), this research tried to determine the historical roots of information seeking behavior research. RPYS pave the way for determining the significant years and works in information seeking behavior. The main problem is it can reveal whether information Seeking Behavior has the same or different impAct on these journals in terms of citation. Using scientometrics method, the initial data of this study have been extrActed based on ISC Database. The revised data were analyzed and visualized in Excel. The distribution of cited references in information seeking behavior revealed four peaks within 20th century. Moreover, our analysis identified 4 peaks between 1989 and 2000 in the field of information seeking behavior, occurred respectively in 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2000. Based on the study findings, it seems that information seeking behavior research has been shaped intellectually by fields such as library and information science, management, etc. Moreover, it has been influenced by some theories and theoretical works.

Using a quantitative method named reference Publication year spectroscopy (RPYS), this research tried to determine the historical roots of information behavior research. RPYS pave the way for determining the significant years and works in information behavior.Using scientometrics method, the initial data of this study have been extrActed from the Web of Science. Using RPYS software, the revised data were analyzed and visualized in Excel.The distribution of cited references in information behavior revealed three peaks within 19th century. Moreover, our analysis identified 6 peaks between 1900 to 1969 in the field of information behavior, occurred respectively in 1948, 1954, 1957, 1960, 1965, and 1967.Based on the study findings, it seems that information behavior research has been shaped intellectually by fields such as psychology, quantitative and qualitative methodologies, etc. Moreover, it has been influenced by some theories and theoretical works.